Sunday, April 30, 2017

hard drive - Intel SRT (SSD caching) & SATA2/SATA3

I've just set up a new Z68 system, and since I had a spare SSD lying around from when I upgraded my netbook I figured I'd give SRT a shot. As it's an older SSD it's only on a 3Gbps port (highest xfer rate it supports), whereas the HDD it's caching (WD Blue 1TB) is on a 6Gbps port being SATA3.



Ideally, I'd have a SATA3 SSD caching the HDD, but as it stands now should I see any performance increases? I've heard SRT takes a bit to get rolling properly, and so far I haven't noticed a particular increase in responsiveness. My current SRT mode is maximum, meaning the SSD is first port of call for writes, which then writes back to the HDD when it has a chance.



Explicit Question: Should I expect any performance increase when using SRT with a SATA2 SSD caching a SATA3 HDD, or might I be better served by the "traditional" approach of manually allocating certain programs to the SSD.

Windows update KB3013769, KB3013816 failing on Windows 8.1

I have two optional updates to install on my laptop, a lenovo Thinkpad X201. All mandatory updates have already been applied. It has failed repeatedly, despite me doing several reboots.



enter image description here




If I click Install, I get this screen after a while:



enter image description here



I have tried the Windows Update Troubleshooter, and it looks like this:



enter image description here



I click Next and I eventually get:




enter image description here



enter image description here



If I reboot and try again, I go through the same loop, although the error message is slightly different:



enter image description here



Any ideas?

How do I set a DCO on a hard drive over USB?


I dropped my hard drive (a 320 GB WD Scorpio Blue, model number WD3200BEVT) and I want to create a Device Configuration Overlay over the bad sectors.


The highest LBA on the drive is 6xxxxxxxx , and the bad sectors start around 4xxxxxxxx; I figure I can use around 210 GB of drive.


I purchased and installed a new Seagate notebook drive, and connected the old, damaged drive via USB. I copied my files off the damaged disk.


In the olden days, I could create a DCO using HDAT2. As a test, I tried to remove a preexisting DCO, but I couldn't remove it with HDAT2. I was able to remove it with Ubuntu's hdparm utility. I then tested the sectors to come up with a range of good sectors.


Now I want to create a new DCO, but I'm unable to. HDAT2 doesn't recognize SMART or SATA commands. I tried Ubuntu, but I can't find any commands on hdparm to create a DCO.


The damaged hard drive is unusable because it is too slow. When I remove access to the bad sectors via DCO, it should speed up.


What can I do to create a DCO in this situation?


Answer




Connected old drive via usb

Now I want re enable dco. But I can't. Because hdat2 not necgonized s.m.a.r.t and s-ata commands.



That’s why.


In general, SMART data and advanced or non-standard settings and commands are just not supported when connected via USB or RAID.


There are a (very) few drive+controller+software(OS/driver/program) combinations that will work for this, but unfortunately yours doesn’t seem to be one of them.


You will need to connected it directly to the SATA controller, enable the DCO, then connected it back to the USB adapter.


Microsoft's "Print to PDF" truncates embedded images


I am trying to print a document, which contains an embedded image located in front of the text. Unfortunately, in PDF version it appears truncated/cropped.


How to overcome?


Answer



"Printing" to PDF from Word can be dicey, I've also had issues like you are describing.


Try instead to Export as PDF: Go to the File menu, choose Export, and you should see an option to Create a PDF:


enter image description here


HP 4530s laptop works with power cord but won't charge battery


Suddenly, two days ago my HP 4530s laptop stopped to be able to charge its battery. Since I was noting that the whole battery was dying since some weeks ago, I bought a new one.


Either with the old and new battery, this laptop won't charge them anymore, but it works in the following cases:



  1. No battery, just power cord.

  2. With battery. But if the battery is exhausted, the laptop is shutted down, even when there's no battery, the laptop is capable of receive current and it works as the first case...


Also, there's something even more strange: the original charger is also dead. It neither works in any case! I required a new generic charger and this is how it works...


I'm afraid that there's some kind of planned obsolescence and, since the laptop works if it's plugged, I find everything very confusing.


Do you know if there's some action I can try that may unblock the ability to charge the battery? Or could it be some issue in the laptop's hardware...?


Update


I've discovered something just now.


With the new battery and a the generic charger, when the laptop boots up to BIOS where I can see the battery level during 2-3 seconds, now it shows the icon as plugged in.


So now the problem is that it won't charge the battery, but the laptop knows that it's plugged to the current.


BTW, the charging light is always off and Windows shows that the battery isn't being charged...


Update 2


I've done something to test what's going on... I know it could be dangerous, but it gives us some new hints:


a. If I power on the laptop without battery and I get to Windows this way, and then I plug-in the battery, laptop thinks there's no power cord plugged-in and it starts to drain the battery.


b. If I power on the laptop with battery and with the charger plugged-in, it has the same effect.


c. In either case, the BIOS splash screen shows the "plugged-in" icon.


d. If I extract the battery again in the splash screen, without powering-off the laptop, the laptop shows the so-called "plugged-in" icon.


Answer



Original chargers often implement a protocol to tell the laptop that they support sufficient power (=Watt) to charge the laptop. If the laptop can't tell that it will have enough power it will go into a low power state where it doesn't charge the laptop.


This can happen because:



  • The charger can't deliver enough power.

  • The charger is broken and can't tell the laptop that it delivers enough power.

  • The charger doesn't know how to tell the laptop that it can deliver enough power.

  • The laptop part that should listen to the charger is broken.

  • A software/driver failure.


Quite often the problem is the charger. Try to borrow an original charger from someone to test it.


Edit: If e.g. the new charger is 90W and the old charger is 120W, the expected behavior is that the battery will not charge, even if both chargers are from HP.


Saturday, April 29, 2017

How should I organize hard drive to share a drive if I use both Linux and Windows?

I use Linux for most of the things but I still need Windows sometimes. So, I have Linux Mint 14 and Windows 8 installed (dual-booting) on my computer.



Here's a screenshot of the output of sudo fdisk -l command:



1




  • sda1: The 350 MB partition Windows 8 allocates (I still don't know why.)

  • sda2: Windows installation


  • sda3: My shared NTFS drive

  • sda5: Linux Mint 14 installation

  • sda6: Swap area for Linux Mint



Most of my files are in sda3 which I share between the two OSs (kind of like my backup partition). I can access to it from both operating systems. However, sometimes my files gets corrupted.



Example: I recently downloaded Eclipse and extracted it to a folder in sda3 drive in Linux Mint. It was working fine. Then when I switched to Windows, it asked me to repair my drives because there were some errors. I accepted, Windows did some scanning and restarted. When I switched back to Linux Mint, I noticed that Eclipse wasn't working. When I checked, most of the files in Eclipse folder were corrupted. Similar things happen other way around as well. Sometimes I'm not able to see and/or open files in Windows that I created/downloaded in Linux Mint. I'm tired of losing files like this.



I know this can be a hardware issue too. My computer is kind of old. But if it is not, is there a better way to share a drive than what I currently do (a separate NTFS partition for both)?

installation - Install Office software on a standard user account automatically


If I know the Administrator account name and password on a Windows 7 computer, would it be possible to create an Office 2010 install CD that would "silently" install Office 2010 on a standard user account which does not have installation privileges. As in, the group policy "always install with elevated privileges" is in effect for the user.


Some way to built the admin account privileges into the office installer?


VBS Script? CMD?


Understand, the laptops are in the field, the end user doesn't have the admin password and can't have the admin password.


Thanks.


Answer



The solution was: http://robotronic.de/runasspcEn.html


linux - Cloning computer with UEFI boot

I have a mini PC where I have installed Arch Linux with UEFI boot.
I'm trying to clone this install on other identical mini PC.
I tried using Clonezilla alternative but at the end of the restoration of the disk image on the cloned computer I have message "EFI boot file in partition /dev/sda1 was NOT found." and the new PC won't boot with message "no option to boot to".
Is there a way to create the missing data in the computer BIOS ?
Or are you aware of another tool I can use to clone the computer ?

partitioning - Cloning drive to drive of same size in Ubuntu Server 12.04LTS

I'm trying to replace a 3.5in hard drive with a 2.5in hard drive inside a 1U server. The drives have the same capacity (250GB, 232GB formatted). It's been years since I've cloned a hard drive, and even then, it was with Windows. Basically, I have the new hard drive mounted in an external dock (it's a bare drive, not an external HDD) and I need to mount it. However, I don't know how I'd go about duplicating the current hard drive's partition scheme and the like. I see a few different ways on the Google, but what's the best way to do this so that I can clone the drive, take out the old one, pop in the new one, and boot up as I did before?

Windows 8 ISO image to USB stick?


I want to make a bootable USB stick from a Windows8 CTP DVD.
(so that I don't have to waste a DVD).


On Ubuntu (Linux) there is a program that does that automatically for oneself,
but I think it only works for Linux images (not sure, I didn't try).


For Windows, is this still the quickest way to go? As advised in Bootable ISO to USB stick xp quickest method


Answer



Necromancing.

As per 2017/18/19, you can use Rufus
Rufus is also available as portable app.
And the source is available on github.
Vastly superior to the MS crapware.


Friday, April 28, 2017

multi boot - Windows 10 - Ubuntu: Windows bootmgr set to wrong partition

I am using Dell Inspiron 7560, dual booted with Windows 10 and Ubuntu. Windows is installed on a 128 GB SSD and Ubuntu is installed on a partition of a 1TB HDD. Each of the drives also have an EFI partition at their beginning for the respective operating systems. After a recent Windows update, which possibly has installed some patches for Boot Manager, the bootmgr variable has been set to the EFI of the HDD, rather than to the EFI of SSD, as it was earlier.



Before the Update, the options were:





  1. Windows Boot Manager

  2. Ubuntu



Now my UEFI boot has these options:




  1. Windows Boot Manager ( wrongfully set to EFI of HDD)


  2. UEFI: SK Hynix 128GB Partition 1 (SSD, Windows EFI bootmgr)



The Ubuntu (GRUB) option has somehow vanished.
The first boot option fails to boot Windows (rather brings up Dell Recovery), but the second one is working fine and boots into Windows.

I tried to change the device for bootmgr through BCDEdit on Windows, but it fails and the bootmgr goes back to the same wrong EFI partition.



Here are some additional facts that may help in diagnosis:





  1. From a Ubuntu live installation, I saw that there were no Windows boot files on the HDD(Ubuntu) EFI and the Windows boot files on the Windows EFI partition also seemed to be intact.

  2. After a recent repair, I had reinstalled Windows 10, which went into the HDD(default) and had then to be cloned to the SSD. I then installed Ubuntu on the HDD.

  3. This is one of the first Windows update being done on my laptop, after being reset at the beginning of March 2019.



I suspect that Windows identifies the EFI partition of the lowest numbered Disk (Disk0=HDD) to be the Windows EFI partition during UPDATES. This possibly leads to creation of a new boot manager entry pointing to the Ubuntu EFI and a imaginary Path: EFI\Microsoft\boot\bootmgfw.efi with name "Windows Boot Manager", while the existing one is sidelined to be given the default name SK Hynix Partition 1.

Hard Disk SMART returning high values after being wiped

I bought some used 2TB hard drives that have been wiped, and upon receiving the drives, I've run a quick test on it with SMART reporting three warnings (the drives have identical warnings):



  • Reallocated sector count raw value: between 17 million an 93 million

  • Current pending sector raw value: 28,147,495 (same value across the drives)

  • Offline Uncorrectable raw value: 28,147,495 (same value across the drives)


A proper business sold the drives with a description on the invoice of "Condition: 100% Health 100% Performance Tested with Hard Disk Sentinel 5.50 PRO".


Are these three errors significant? How can I force the firmware to clear these warnings if they are not legitimate(somehow induced through the wiping process)?


enter image description here

Setting correct permissions after Windows reinstall

I have had to reinstall Windows on my laptop, I installed Windows without formatting because I had my data files and folder on there including on the root folder for example C:\my_projects etc


Now as I have installed new OS win 7, when I open up these folder I get permission errors, these project folders have very very deep structure and contain numerous files.


When I check permissions at the top of the folder it shows lot of Account Unknown items in the Groups and users. Furthermore the ownership of folder is Unknown when seen from the advance permissions.


So the question is how do I change these permissions/security/ownership at the top level without doing it for sub folders so that I have access back to my folders and it is more like default folders and also I remove those unknown user entries from all subfolders/files.

debian - ZFS (RAID-Z1) or "hardware" (RAID 5) on Linux system?


I have never put together a RAID array before, but i think i understand the concepts behind most raid types from my reading.


Ordering three 3TB drives (WD red) to use in a xeon e3-1231 v3, 16GB non-ECC RAM and Z97 chipset. I have other systems available via SSH on local net, but with much less (~1TB) space.


My OS (Debian Linux) is on a SSD, the raid will not contain an OS.


I came across ZFS recently and might be failing to fully understand its desired implementation.


Compared to a hardware RAID 5 on intel z97 chipset..



  • Would using ZFS increase performance?

  • Would it be a safer option for my data with equal parity?

  • Would rebuild be safer and faster if a drive suddenly fails?

  • What if my SSD fails? isnt ZFS data saved there in my case?


I need my data to be safe (hopefully every block, which is why ZFS interests me), and at least 6TB of usable space without needing more HDDs.


Answer




  • Would using ZFS increase performance?


Hard to say without knowing your typical disk usage and how you configure your system. For example, how much RAM will you allow ZFS to use? The parity calculations between RAID-Z1 and RAID 5 would probably have similar overheads.



  • Would it be a safer option for my data with equal parity?


If you mean a mirror, then yes. Mirrors take less time to rebuild (no parity) so your data would be at risk for a shorter duration.



  • Would rebuild be safer and faster if a drive suddenly fails?


For a mirror, yes. For RAID-Z1 and RAID 5, rebuild requires parity calculations so rebuilds will take longer.



  • What if my SSD fails? isnt ZFS data saved there in my case?


ZFS pools are self-contained and can run independently of any settings on you SSD. You can even move your ZFS drives to a completely different OS, providing it supports the ZFS version. (I have successfully moved a 3 drive RAID-Z1 pool from OpenSolaris to FreeBSD.)


Other comments:


ZFS offers more than redundancy. It has other features that RAID 5 does not, such as checksums throughout the filesystems to ensure data integrity and snapshots.


ZFS loves memory and will use as much as you care to give it. ECC memory is recommended but not required.


I use ZFS for personal use. I used to run RAID-Z on three drives but now run four drives as a striped mirror and am much happier with the performance. Scrubbing times have been greatly reduced which means that a rebuild should also be faster. Of course, the trade off is reduced usable capacity.


Regardless of what type of redundancy you choose, make sure you acquaint yourself of the options (and limitations) you have if you want to upgrade the capacity in future.


And finally...


Backup. Backup. Backup.


Remove language-keyboard combination on Windows 10

I recently updated Windows Feature update to Windows 10, version 1903. It was right after the update that the unwanted change occurred. Now when I press start + space to change the keyboard/language I see the following three options.


enter image description here


I would like to get rid of the first one, i.e. i want to remove the option of having English language and Danish keyboard layout. How do I do that?



  • I have looked in 'Settings' under 'Region & language', but don't see anything that can fix it, and it looks like there is just one keyboard for English language:
    enter image description here


  • I have tried removing the Danish and English language pack, but it removes the wrong ones


Thursday, April 27, 2017

batch file - open a command prompt and setting the default path


I want a .bat file which opens a command prompt and then set my default directory also set the enviromenet variable JAVA_HOME


For now I am manually openning command prompt and then setting my project directry path and then setting the environment variable.


I am using commands as :


open cmd.exe
cd d:\Code
set JAVA_HOME=C:\Jdk.1.6

I want that when I execute the batch file that execute the commant before openning. How to do that ?


Answer



Assuming you want specifically a batch file to be clickable directly on Windows desktop, a simple, yet not elegant way, would be to use the following code in batch file:


@cd d:\Code
@set JAVA_HOME=C:\Jdk.1.6"
@cmd.exe /K

It will set the path and the variable, and in that context launch a nested command session with /K parameter - which will force it to wait for user input (instead of disappearing).


A more elegant solution would be to create a new shortcut on the desktop and configure it as follows:



  • Command: cmd /K set JAVA_HOME=C:\Jdk.1.6

  • Start in: d:\Code


jumplist - Several Windows 7 Jump List items lost, How to get them back?



I'm using Windows 7 for quite some time, on several systems. On 2 of these systems, Jumplist Items tend to disappear.




Example:
Initially, I was able to see recently openend folders in Windows Explorer, as well as pinned folders. Then, these functions disappear, all that's left is the "Windows Explorer", "Unpin..." and "Close all windows"-options, all others are gone.



Theoretically, a new profile WOULD work. I made a new profile, the new profile had the correct jump lists again, but I don't want to create a new profile, there is too much I would have to do to make it work. Is there an alternative to get the the jumplists back? A reset of sorts, or something different?


Answer



According to these articles it is caused by file corruption, no way to get old jump lists back, but you can restore it to work for new items.



http://www.mydigitallife.info/2010/07/04/fix-windows-7-jump-lists-missing-or-does-not-display-recent-items-or-pinned-files/




and this
http://www.shadowsplace.net/general/windows/windows-7-jump-lists-troubleshooting-missing-items/



I guess one could periodically back up this file.


Windows 7 Recovery Disk not working

Ive been having a bit of trouble with my windows 7 Toshiba laptop computer lately. It started with my computer running slow one evening so I tried to restart it but when it started up, it blue screened for half a second and shut off. I tried repeating this but it just kept happening. I tried going into the F12 menu to reset it but it didnt work that way either. It just showed the windows logo startup thing and then went to a black screen with my cursor still sitting there. After I tried that, restarting it showed a black screen that said


"
Intel UNDI, PXE-2.0 (build 083)
Copyright (c) 1997-2000 Intel Coporation


For Atheros PCIE Ethernet Controller v2.1.1.2(09/06/12)


Check cable connection!
PXE-M0F: Exiting Intel PXE ROM.


Reboot and select proper Boot device
or Insert Boot Media in selected Boot device and press a key
"


So I got my Toshiba recovery media disk to try and fix it that way. It goes through and loads up fine, but it just shows a Windows logo and then eventually a little loading graphic and goes straight to a black screen. The recovery media disk that I have says "Toshiba Recovery Media Satelite S50 - A series Windows 8.1 Pro 64-bit. I hope someone here knows a solution to this because I really cant afford to take this to a repair shop

linux - ZFS Beginner Setup with Different Size Drives


Sorry for the noobie questions, I've been Googling all sorts of walkthroughs to create my ZFS raid, but I can't seem to find the correct links for the answers I'm looking for.


This is my first attempt for a RAID, and from all I've read, it seems that zfs is the best way to go.



  1. What happens if I have to change the underlying hardware behind the zfs pool? Like the mobo / processor, what happens if that dies on me in a year or two; can I port my zfs pool somehow?

  2. I've got quite the set of different sized drives, and i'm trying to get the most storage space out of it with redundancy. What is the best setup for this config, and how much space will I be losing by using these different size drives. I am not creating this for any speed requirements, I just want a file server for multiple HTPCs. My currently available drives for this are:

    • 1x 500GB 'Hybrid' Drive

    • 1x 1TB Drive

    • 1x 3TB Drive

    • 1x 4TB Drive (will be added to the pool later, currently holding all the data from the the drives listed above)


  3. Will adding the 4TB drive to the pool later be a problem of any kind?

  4. Any recommendations on a Linux OS to run this all on, and should I use a separate drive for the OS? I'm familiar with Ubuntu, RHEL, and OpenSUSE / SLES.


Any help is very appreciated, I'm continuing to read up on this, just a lot to take in at once, any links on where to start would be very helpful as well.


Answer




What happens if I have to change the underlying hardware behind the
zfs pool? Like the mobo / processor, what happens if that dies on me
in a year or two; can I port my zfs pool somehow?



A ZFS pool is not hardware dependent. Just make sure your HBA (Host Bus Adapter) isn't doing something like encrypting your data at the hardware level. ZFS works best with a HBA like an LSI 9211-8i or an IBM m1015 cross-flashed to use the 9211-8i firmware, not a full blow "hardware" RAID card.



I've got quite the set of different sized drives, and i'm trying to
get the most storage space out of it with redundancy. What is the best
setup for this config, and how much space will I be losing by using
these different size drives. I am not creating this for any speed
requirements, I just want a file server for multiple HTPCs. My
currently available drives for this are: 1x 500GB 'Hybrid' Drive 1x
1TB Drive 1x 3TB Drive 1x 4TB Drive (will be added to the pool later,
currently holding all the data from the the drives listed above)



If I were you I would sell the smaller drives and put the money towards larger drives of all the same size. It will make your life a lot easier. Also, you cannot just add drives to a ZFS pool. There are constraints. Read here.



Will adding the 4TB drive to the pool later be a problem of any kind?



Possibly. I am in a similar position. At some time in the future I will have to increase my storage capacity. At that time I plan on purchasing a second HBA and a new array of larger drives. I will then transfer all the data from my existing drives to my new drives then sell my existing drives. There may be other (cheaper) ways around this, but doing it this way:



  1. Keeps all of my drives the same size

  2. Only has the additional cost of an extra HBA, which isn't a bad thing to have laying around anyhow

  3. Does not require me to replace my drives one at a time, re-silvering after each replacement.



Any recommendations on a Linux OS to run this all on, and should I use
a separate drive for the OS? I'm familiar with Ubuntu, RHEL, and
OpenSUSE / SLES.



Don't use Linux, it does not have native ZFS support. Linux support of ZFS comes from ZFS on Linux and zfs-fuse. The current state of ZFS is in flux as Oracle tries their best to ruin it. ZFS will likely branch at version 28 in the very near future, so don't make your ZFS pool with any version greater than 28 unless you are 100% certain you want to stick with an Oracle solution. Currently FreeBSD and its spinoffs support ZFS version 28.


Since you are a self proclaimed ZFS noob I would recommend FreeNAS. I have been using it for awhile now and I'm pretty happy with it. It will definitely allow the most straight forward setup for you.


Additional Thoughts:


Make sure you choose the correct level of parity for your particular use case. Specifically, make sure you plan around URE. Basically you don't want to use RAID 5 (RAID Z1) if you are using anything larger than 2TB drives. There are some other factors to consider that may prompt you to increase your level of parity data as well. Here is a good article on the subject.


Update:


It has been 1.5 years since I posted this answer and in that time I have been giving ZFS on Linux (Ubuntu server specifically) another chance. It has come a long way since I tried first tried it and I'm pretty happy so far. My reason for switching was the installation restrictions on FreeNAS and the jailing system. I wanted to use my server for more than just a NAS server and FreeNAS makes that hard. The jailing system is good and very secure, but I didn't really need that level of security in my home and I didn't want to deal with logging into a jail every time I wanted to unzip a file. I think FreeNAS is still a good choice if you are just getting started with ZFS (because of the web interface) or if you just want a NAS appliance (i.e. no other server functionality needed).


Wednesday, April 26, 2017

windows 7 - Chassis fans and power LEDs still work in Hibernate


I have ASRock Z68 Extreme3 Gen3 motherboard recently updated to 2.20 BIOS version. OS is Windows 7 x64. The problem is after that update full hibernation (by that i mean full system power off) stopped working although everything was fine before. Now when I press hibernate, sleep in initiated as usual, monitor goes to sleep, HDD and CPU fan stop spinning, but chassis fans (i have Gigabyte Aurora 3D 570 case with two rear and one front fans) still remain working. Also power leds are lit as if computer is turned on. Tried changing different UEFI settings related to sleep mode, and none of them change above described behaviour. I have "Deep Sleep" (Advanced-South Bridge Configuration) set to "Enabled in S4-S5", "Suspend to RAM" (Advanced-ACPI Configuration) set to "Auto", all fans settings in "H/W Monitor" set to "Auto".
edit
There's definitely a problem with power management somewhere - Shutdown/Power Off command has same effect - everything is shutting down, but fans are spinning, leds lit and i can "wake" PC by usb mouse (?).
edit2
Tried another PSU, no changes. After i switched back mine, everything was fine again as usual (power off shuts down, hibernate suspends with all leds and fans turn off). Almost wanted to close the topic, but... After reboot Dr.Debug showed error 55 (ram not installed), and then system turned to be dead. Had to reset CMOS and remove power plugs, wait some time, and only then system turns on.


Answer



Problem was solved by putting in v1 bios chip sent by ASRock technical support.


windows - add "text" to end of multiple filenames




Using the code below I add text to end of file names which are:



1.mp3
2.mp3


and should be:



1text.mp3

2text.mp3


but it changed to:



1.mp3text
2.mp3text


Code:




@ECHO ON

FOR %%A IN ("C:\Users\user123\Desktop\mp3\*.mp2") DO (
CALL :RenameFiles "%%~A" "%%~NXA"
)
GOTO EOF

:RenameFiles


SET fname=%~2
SET renname=%fname=%
REN "%~1" "%renname%text%"
GOTO E

Answer



How do I add "text" to the end of multiple filenames.




Before: 1.mp3 2.mp3




After: 1text.mp3 2text.mp3




There are multiple errors in your batch file, for example:




  • *.mp2 should be *.mp3

  • goto E - the label :E is missing.

  • you dont need to call anything.







Simple working batch file



rem @echo off
setlocal
setlocal enabledelayedexpansion
for %%a in ("C:\Users\user123\Desktop\mp3\*.mp3") do (

copy "%%a" "%%~dpnatext%%~xa"
del "%%a"
)
endlocal


Notes:




  • The batch file will work with any length filename, so for example, 12345.mp3 will be rename to 12345text.mp3







cmd shell solution



You don't need to use a batch file. You can just use:



cd C:\Users\user123\Desktop\mp3\
ren ?.mp3 ?text.mp3



Or:



ren *.mp3 ?text.mp3


Note that the following does not work:



ren *.mp3 *text.mp3



You will get filenames like 1.mp3text.mp3 with that command.



Example:



F:\test>dir *.mp3
Volume in drive F is Expansion
Volume Serial Number is 3656-BB63


Directory of F:\test

29/11/2015 12:52 0 1.mp3
29/11/2015 12:52 0 2.mp3
2 File(s) 0 bytes
0 Dir(s) 1,777,665,769,472 bytes free

F:\test>ren ?.mp3 ?text.mp3

F:\test>dir *.mp3

Volume in drive F is Expansion
Volume Serial Number is 3656-BB63

Directory of F:\test

29/11/2015 12:52 0 1text.mp3
29/11/2015 12:52 0 2text.mp3
2 File(s) 0 bytes
0 Dir(s) 1,777,665,769,472 bytes free






Further Reading




Windows 7 machines can't ping or access Windows Server 2003


Our network is served by a Windows 2003 Server machine, using Active Directory for users security management. There are more than 60 machines connected on a daily basis and most of our files are stored on the server. Everyone worked normally everyday, until today.


Today we started having this very weird problem: all Windows 7 clients can't even ping the server properly. We have already restarted the server (a dreadful thing here) to no avail. We've checked all possible logs in the Event Viewer but had no clue as to what is happenning. We noticed that the ping behaves specifically: the first ping succeeds but the other three don't. Here's the image:


The first ping works, but not the rest


On the Windows XP machines all goes safe and sound, people accessing the shares and computers normally.


Any ideas?


Answer



Seems like the problem is with the server.


Hitting Windows > Run and running NETDIAG /fix ON THE SERVER solved the problem.


console - Auto navigation in windows registry editor?


Is there any tweak to open a particular registry key in registry editor from console/command mode ?


Say like If I want to view this key in registry editor


HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version

After opening regedit.exe, I would like to auto navigate to this key.


Note: I checked reg.exe , but its pure console application of registry editor.


Answer



If you don't mind downloading a tiny program, Microsoft Sysinternals have a tool called Regjump


Simply download this anywhere (I put it in the windows\system32 folder so it has path) then from anywhere, just type:


regjump HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion

Or


regjump HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion

Remember that Current Version path does not have a space, however if there is a space in the name, simply put the entire path in to quotes, for example


regjump "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\Current Version"

Only downside to this application is that you need to run it in an elevated command prompt or turn compatibility on and make sure that regjump always runs as elevated (If you have UAC on). If you do not do this, it will load registry editor, but it will be unable to tell when it is launched and will not jump to the path.


security - How do I make a Windows account accept any password?

How do I set up a windows account, so that Windows will accept any password to login. I want to create the illusion of security for the user. Where the user believes that there account is secure and has a password, when it actually has none. I am obviously operating under the assumption that I am an Administrator on the computer in question. How would I go about doing this?

windows 7 - Computer won't boot from internal drives


I'm trying to get a computer up and running again. It has an NF4U-AM2G mobo, AMD 64 x2 Athlon 4600 cpu, a DVD drive, a 250GB samsung IDE HDD, a 160GB Maxtor IDE HDD, and a 320GB Hitachi SATA HDD. For about a year and a half it ran Ubuntu 15.04, that ran find but was a bit quirk and difficult to deal with because the upgrade from 14.04 got botched. Eventually Ubuntu got erased and Windows 7 x64 Ultimate was installed for a while. One day Windows just stopped booting, and ever since nothing on any of the drives will boot at all.


I tried reinstalling windows, wouldn't boot. Tried installing literally 12 kinds of Linux, 4 kinds of BSD, and two custom made OS X installers, none of them boot post install. Here's the weird part: they all boot. Most of them installed, but there are recurring themes. Live optical discs and USB disks always boot, most Linux and Unix installers run all the way through, and so does the windows installer.


The 320GB drive always reports an error trying to configure package managers or when installing the bootloader, no matter the OS. The 165GB drive always installs perfectly fine, but hangs on "building DMI pool..." on every boot, and the 250GB drive always installs find but claims "no active partition" on every boot. Nothing is wrong with the drives or cables because they work perfectly find as storage drives with all formats when I boot up a live install from a flash drive, but if I try to install that same live copy to an internal drive via DD, the install copies fine, but the above issues always still happen.


Does anybody have any ideas? I've been working on this for weeks and have no idea what the issue is.


P.S. the one exception to these behaviours is ReactOS, which both boots live mode and installs fine, but on reboot it loads the kernel, drivers and bootloader from HDD (with ReactOS it doesn't matter which, they all act the same) but will immediately freeze afterward with the error "Unable to load system hive...". Might be a problem with the OS with this one, as its a nightly build, but still.


Answer



It sounds to me as though the southbridge/controller is causing the problem.


Since this isn't a daily system and you seem to have the time and inclination, I would suggest a hunnits clean install:



  • Reset BIOS to factory defaults / flash clean BIOS

  • Make BIOS changes to suit.

  • Write all your disks to zeros. (Personally I would bin the maxtor altogether)

  • Decide on your final install (Dual, treble, more boot)

  • Using a competent installer (Linux) cut your partition table. Formatting each to their end-use filesystem can help, and will stop winstaller being silly.

  • Install any windows flavours you require (remember these must be on a primary partition)

  • Install any *nix flavour(s), and a bootloader.


Where you fail in this will narrow down the cause.


group policy - Replacement for gpedit.msc in Windows 7 Home edition

I have been trying to edit the rights for an account on a Windows 7 Home Pro machine. I would normally use gpedit.msc to to this, but it doesn't seem to be included in the home versions of 7.



What are my options for doing this type of config editing? I'm a developer, not a IT person / sysadmin.

Tuesday, April 25, 2017

Laptop "Memory 1, Memory 2" meaning?

I'm looking at buying a new laptop and have noticed some don't have a single memory description such as for example: 16GB DDR4 ...




Some laptops I've seen have displayed:






Memory 1: Onboard 4GB DDR4 Memory



Memory 2: 16GB DDR4







What does this mean? Does the laptop have a full 20GB of memory? Or only 4GB unless I change some settings?



Edit:



This is the specific laptop I'm talking about:
http://store.acer.com.au/acer/store/index.php/notebook/travelmate-p648m-i7-8gb-512gb-ssd.html

boot - Windows 7 computer freezes shortly after startup, then won't sart up for some time (hardware related)

I've had some really strange, but until now, rare problems with my Windows 7 PC. A few minutes after startup, the computer froze, as in the displayed frame stayed the same and the computer did not respond to any keyboard and mouse inputs; no bluescreen (typically, but sometimes I've had bluescreen scrashes).


The pattern is pretty consistent:



  • the computer freezes after a somewhat random amount of time after booting

  • it never freezes a few hours into being booted

  • one time it even seemed to freeze on the Windows loading screen

  • one time the motherboard output a constant, loud beeping noise after booting and login (might be unrelated)


Lately, after startup, I couldn't even get the computer to boot at all. No screen output, no motherboard-beeping signals, simply nothing. One time my computer froze on the Windows loading screen.


Here's a short summary of all the problems:



  • seemingly random computer freezes, always shortly after booting

  • after turning power off and rebooting, computer starts and either:

    • the computer is stuck on a black screen with nothing happening

    • the computer starts and no problems occur

    • the computer starts but it freezes again shorty after booting



I am fairly certain that this must be a hardware related issue, I just can't nail it down to a specific component. My PC is really old (6-7?), except for a new GTX 960 which I have purchased 2 years ago.


Any help would be appreciated a lot. Thanks in advance!

networking - Routing all traffic over VPN on Ubuntu Linux


After having spent now hours troubleshooting, trawling potential solutions on this site and others, and I am resigned to beg the advice of my betters. I am working to route all network traffic on an instance of Ubuntu over a Cisco VPN at a university. Using either the built in network manager or vpnc, I can successfully establish a connection to the VPN, and can successfully route traffic to any university IP over the VPN. However, aside of those specific IP ranges, I cannot seem to conjure any route which will successfully map all network traffic over the VPN.


So far, I've attempted:



route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw homeportal dev tun0


route add -net 0.0.0.0 tun0


route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 128.122.252.77 dev tun0


route add -net 0.0.0.0 gw 128.122.252.77 dev eth0


iptables -A FORWARD -o tun0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i tun0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o tun0 -j MASQUERADE

And many other silly, ineffective, things that I cannot remember well enough to transcribe accurately.


In addition, I've tried routing smaller IP ranges, and specific IPs, each to no avail. I'm not really sure what's going wrong, as the extent of the effects I've been able to observe are failures of name resolution, and failures to route traffic over the VPN. What am I doing wrong here?


Edit-


Here is the output of ip route show after starting the VPN connection with VPNC:



default via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0 proto static
10.0.0.0/8 dev tun0 scope link
91.230.41.0/24 dev tun0 scope link
128.122.0.0/16 dev tun0 scope link
128.122.252.68 via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0 src 192.168.1.32
128.122.253.46 dev tun0 scope link
128.122.253.79 dev tun0 scope link
172.16.0.0/12 dev tun0 scope link
192.168.0.0/16 dev tun0 scope link
192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.32 metric 1
193.175.54.0/24 dev tun0 scope link
193.205.158.0/25 dev tun0 scope link
193.206.104.0/24 dev tun0 scope link
195.113.94.0/24 dev tun0 scope link
203.126.200.0/24 dev tun0 scope link
203.174.165.128/25 dev tun0 scope link
212.219.93.0/24 dev tun0 scope link
216.165.0.0/17 dev tun0 scope link

More information-


I've successfully routed arbitrary traffic over this VPN in MS Windows via the Cisco AnyConnect client with default configuration. Here is what the routing table looks like when the AnyConnect client is working (this is a different computer behind the same router at 192.168.1.254).



IPv4 Route Table
===========================================================================
Active Routes:
Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric
0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.13 30
10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
91.230.41.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
128.122.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
128.122.252.68 255.255.255.255 192.168.1.254 192.168.1.13 31
172.16.0.0 255.240.0.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.1.13 286
192.168.1.13 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.13 286
192.168.1.254 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.13 31
192.168.1.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.13 286
192.168.31.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.31.1 276
192.168.31.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.31.1 276
192.168.31.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.31.1 276
192.168.128.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.128.197 257
192.168.128.197 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.128.197 257
192.168.128.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.128.197 257
192.168.203.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.203.1 276
192.168.203.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.203.1 276
192.168.203.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.203.1 276
193.175.54.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
193.205.158.0 255.255.255.128 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
193.206.104.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
195.113.94.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
203.126.200.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
203.174.165.128 255.255.255.128 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
212.219.93.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
216.165.0.0 255.255.128.0 192.168.128.1 192.168.128.197 2
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.1.13 286
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.203.1 276
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.31.1 276
224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.128.197 10000
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.1.13 286
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.203.1 276
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.31.1 276
255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.128.197 10000
===========================================================================

Answer



Your local network is 192.168.1.0/24, as shown by this line in your routing table:


 192.168.1.0/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.32  metric 1

Your VPN network is 10.0.0.0/8, as shown by this line:


 10.0.0.0/8 dev tun0  scope link

Currently, your default router is:


 default via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0  proto static

which is of course what you do not want, because it belongs to your local LAN: thus all of your stuff is routed through your local gateway, as if the VPN did not exist.


 You do have however, the all-important statement
128.122.252.68 via 192.168.1.254 dev eth0 src 192.168.1.32

which is the route to your VPN-provider.


EDIT:


I had not realized that the routing table is simply the one that is obtained from your VPN, without your intervention. This may indicate (indirectly) that your service provider is willing to forward only the traffic explicitly allowed in your table through the interface tun0, and may have taken further steps to block all other traffic, in which case your efforts will be futile.


However, assuming that your provider is willing to forward all of your traffic, what you need to do is the following.


First, you need to find out whether there is a gateway willing to accept your connection on the other side, because we need its IP address. I will give you four methods to do this.


1) With the pc connected to the VPN, try the following command:


   sudo dhclient -v tun0

If everything goes well, you should see a reply containing this line:


 DHCPOFFER of a.b.c.d from x.y.w.z

x.y.w.z is the IP address of the local gateway. You may have to shutdown your VPN after this test, and maybe even to reboot your pc, because we will have just messed up the routing table pretty well.


2) Alternatively, you may try navigating to one of the allowed sites (those that appear in your routing table as going through the tun0 interface), then issuing the command:


  ip neigh show

You should get a list of pcs contacted through the ARP protocol, with MAC and IP address; most likely, you will receive either zero or one reply. If you get a single reply, then that's your router.


3) If you get no such reply, then you may try with


  sudo nmap -sn 10.0.0.0/8

(which is going to be very slow). Your gateway will be one of the pcs listed, most likely the one with address ending in .1 or in .254, if any such exist.


4) Use the tcpdump command:


  sudo tcpdump -n -i tun0

and see the IP addresses spewed out by the command.


If you get no proper reply to this test either, it means someone has really tightened the screws in his network.


But let us be optimistic, and suppose you now have a candidate IP address x.w.y.z for the remote router. You will need to delete the default gateway, (as sudo!):


  ip route del default via 192.168.1.254

an add the new one:


  ip route add default via x.w.y.z

and try to navigate.


Let me repeat: since your provider has allowed traffic only to a few selected IP addresses through his VPN, it is possible he may have taken extra measures (=firewall) to prevent a smart user to force his generic traffic through his VPN. In this case, there is nothing you can do. But if he did not, the above steps should help you find a solution.


windows 7 - Why two different keyboard connected to a single computer have telepathy?

I connected two different keyboard to my computer. (Both use USB port to communicate with the computer.) The question is:


Why when I press Caps-Lock or Num-Lock in one keyboard, The related light (The LED on the keyboard) on the other one turns on and turns off also!?


As @Tetsujin mentioned in the first comment, I guess the computer receive the request from one keyboard, and send the answer broadcasting to all ports.If so, why? Doesn't have each port a specific address to send answer just for that address? Doesn't this current mechanism increase vulnerability? (For example a hardware keylogger)

Windows 8 Software Updates keeps failing

Built a computer and anytime I try to do a single or all updates for Windows Updates, it fails. I try it again, it fails. I'm starting to give up!


My computer is


 Windows 8 Professional, 64bit
Antec 850 watts PSU
ASUS Sabertooth Z77
Intel Core i7-3770k
Crucial 2x8GB Ballistix Elite
2 Samsung 840 Pro Series 256GB RAID 1
4 Western Digital 2TB RAID 10
ASUS AMD Radeon 7870 V2 Graphics Card
ASUS Xonar Essence STX Sound Card

Latest Bios version for motherboard. I'm able to get the drivers installed. Internet connectivity is fine. Memtest is fine.


I'm back on Windows 7 for now, but even that sometimes gives me problems. Example, install the Asmedia USB 3.0 driver, and hangs the computer. Had to reboot and try again.

hard drive - What does "Empty Sector" mean in Spinrite?

While running Spinrite (from GRC.com), one of the screens shows a "Raw Data Snapshot". This usually shows data from hard drive sectors flash past as they are read or written.



On one drive in an HP laptop, a lot of times during the scan, the "Raw Data Snapshot" instead says "Empty Sector", nicely centered in the window.



Is this a message from Spinrite? Is it actual data left over from the manufacturing process? If it's a message from Spinrite, how does it know? What's the difference between an "Empty Sector" and a sector full of zeroes, or full of some other random data?

windows - My pendrive is not working and showing Unknown file System

I have a pendrive when I insert it into one o my port it shows in the My Computer but when I try to explore, it shows please insert a disk into drive H. However my usb drive is well inserted. I tried to format it but it is showing There is no disk in drive H, Insert a disk then try again. Its properties is showing Unknown File System and the used space and free space part showing 0 bytes. I cann't also check for errors in the drive. Its device status:The device is working properly. I also reinstalled the driver but that did not help me. Please suggest some way to recover the issue.
Thanks.

Monday, April 24, 2017

laptop - What should I consider for upgrading the graphic card in my notebook?

I have a rather old (from 2008) Acer Travelmate 5720G, a laptop equipped with a chassis that let me easily access almost all of its hardware components; it makes the option of upgrading them really viable. These are its main specs.



enter image description here



After having substituted its HDD and its RAM, I'm now trying to find if it is worth changing its graphic card with a newer one too; currently it is equipped with an ATI Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT video card, which is not soldered to the motherboard but is connected to it with a MXM connection; more precisely, according to this article (and also by judging from the actual physical dimensions of the card), the laptop sports a MXM Type II connector.



enter image description here
enter image description here




The main specs of the graphic card are as follow:



enter image description here



Summarizing the informations that I have collected right now, I know that




  • the graphic card is connected with a MXM-II standard

  • the interface is a PCI-E 1.1




When looking for another compatible card, obviously I should look for one that has these standards too; considering that I'd like a card with a memory size of at least 512 MB, possibly more, are there other things that I should considerate?
Some things that come into my mind are:




  • the power requirements (given the same interface standards, a card with more memory will consume more power?)

  • the cooling (a more powerful card will generate more heat?)

  • the compatibility with other hardware (how my current CPU and RAM will affect the new graphic card performance? In other words, is it pointless to substitute just the GPU without upgrading other hardware as well?)



If these are concrete issues, how can I determine if my laptop will be able to deal with these different requirements? Are there some other considerations that I should take into account when choosing a new GPU?




EDIT: As you can see, my current graphic card memory type is DDR2. Will GDDR3 ones be compatible too, or am I limited to DDR2 ones?

windows 10 - Boot error loop -> /rebuildbcd error and cant set active volume

Background



After my sister's three months of vacation with no internet access, she got home and there were many updates for Windows 10 and Norton installed.
After reboot Windows didn't start. Instead "the boot configuration data is missing some required information" showed up.
I got a photo of it, but can't read the error code. It's something like 0x0000? The file is BCD though.




To solve this, her dude added her SSD disk in his own computer and according to them some sort of repair process finished successfully.



Then he put her SSD back in her laptop, after Windows automatic repair process it got stuck and Windows complains about RecEnv.exe "memory could not be read" (RecEnv.exe is Windows recovery environment).



Here is my diskpart list



Click here to see my Disk part list



Things I've done





  • I have created a Windows 10 32/64bits UEFI GPT formatted bootable USB so I can get to the command prompt


  • Memory tests through HPs utility have passed


  • CHKDSK /R passed; no bad sectors on all discs.

  • Sfc /scannow reaches verification 100% complete, but error:




Windows resource protection could not perform the requested operation






  • bootrec /fixmbr ok

  • bootrec /fixboot ok

  • bootrec /rebuildbcd error:




The requested system device cannot be found






  • After this I tried to assign volume 4 the FAT32 disc letter N:

  • bcdboot bcdboot c:\windows /l sv-se /s N: error:




cannot copy boot files





UPDATE




  • bcdboot bcdboot c:\windows /l sv-se /s N: /F ALL BFSVC Error:




Failed to validate boot manager checksum
(C:Windows\boot\EFI\bootmgfw.efi)!
Error code = 0xc1 Failure when attempting to copy boot files





So something is wrong with bootmgfw.efi. How do I solve that?



I copied the bootmgfw.efi from X:\windows\boot\efi to the same folder on the C: partition and VOILA! then I was able to bcdboot bcdboot c:\windows /l sv-se /s N: /F ALL



Next problem Windows can't start because of ntosext.sys error code 0x000007b. Seems like the whole Windows has been messed up somehow.

memory - Why does Windows 10 uses so much RAM and CPU?

I have Windows 10, and nowadays as I use my laptop, my computer uses more and more RAM and CPU. If I don't do anything, happens the same, I left my laptop at home, and after 8-10 hours it uses 99% of my hardwares, and after a while my computer freezes and says, that I have to restart my computer, because I have no more RAM. I don't have any viruses, and yes, I disabled Superfetch also. The top 2, which uses, are always Service Host: Local System (mainly this one) and System.




Here's a picture after 10 minutes of run:



https://postimg.org/image/brggjvoz7/



And here after 2 hours:



https://postimg.cc/image/68nr59azn/



Expanded as requested:




enter image description here

hard drive - Why sizes are different, and what do they mean?

I have a 1 TB hard drive that consists of one NTFS partition which I use to back up my data (no operating system). The size of all the data in it is : 726 GB, size on disk: 728 GB, and the used space when I check the properties is: 731 GB. There's a 5 GB difference between the size and the used space.


Why is that huge difference there?


What's the difference between these sizes? (size, size on disk, and used space)


Is there a way to calculate the difference, and be sure the HDD is not messing around?


Is that normal?

macOS Sierra : What kind of RAID can i create with 4 USB 3.0 hard drives

I'm on macOS Sierra and I have 4 external LaCie Porsche 5TB P'9230 USB 3.0.


What is the best RAID I can create.


My first option is RAID 1+0 so i have a total of 10TB of data on stripping the first 2 drive and this 10TB is mirroring on the 2 last drive.


So do I have a better RAID solution. I try to read on RAID on wikipedia so it's talk about other kind of RAID with mathematic formula and i have difficulties to see how can i setup this with macOS Sierra.

windows - What is a file system which has r/w on all major OSes






What is a file system which has r/w on all OSes like windows, linux and Mac.


Windows comes with FAT and NTFS support and EXT3 support can be added. Never heard about Mac OS Extended on Windows .


Linux comes with EXT3/4 support and FAT and NTFS support can be added. Mac OS Extended w/o journaled has support according to the documentation, but only works as root user.


Mac comes with FAT and Mac OS Extended Support. and experimental NTFS support can be added (which does not work quite well. Knew it first hand) . There is no ext4 support for Mac. Unsure about ext3 .


I would like to know the best file system I could use my external hard disks, so that it works with r/w capabilities on Windows, Linux and Mac or at least Linux and Mac.


Answer



FAT32 would probably be your best bet, compatibility-wise. The only restriction is the ~4GB file size limit. With that aside, NTFS would be the best option if you planned on using file sizes > ~4GB, as r/w support is easily achievable on each of these operating systems and removes the low file size limitation.



  • With Windows, you're already in the clear

  • With Linux, most newer distributions come with the ntfs-3g driver as it is included in kernels 2.6 and above

  • With Mac, you can install ntfs-3g


Sunday, April 23, 2017

windows 7 - merging a system partition with a partition preceding it


My hard drive is 500 Gb,


I partitioned it with 400gb for windows 7 and 100gb for Windows 10,


however I am in need of a bit more space, thus I shrank 50gb from the windwos 7 partition,


besides formatting and reinstalling Windows 10 (as a last option), how else can I expand the partition while keeping the current data?


Answer



Fond a solution,


using AOMEI Partition Manager, solved my problem


For those who are insterested


linux - Windows and ubuntu won't boot due to kernel error


I have an acer laptop(AMD Processor) with dual boot configuration of windows 10 and ubuntu 16.04 LTS. I tried booting windows 10 last night and i got blue screen with kernel security check failure. Till now i have tried restarting multiple times and i got different errors like : ATTEMPTED TO WRITE TO READONLY MEMORY, PAGE FAULT IN NONPAGED AREA, IRQL NOT LESS OR EQUAL. Its the same with ubuntu, i get kernel panic not syncing: Fatal exception in interrupt on boot.



  1. I have tried using different kernel versions for ubuntu, doesn't work.

  2. I tried going into safe mode using F8 key, nothing happens. Ubuntu's
    recovery mode also gives kernel error.

  3. I have done memtest, it passed.

  4. I tried booting Ubuntu 17.10 using USB, it still gives me kernel error.


I haven't done any recent updates in windows or Ubuntu. The most i did was clean install new AMD graphic drives and multiple Vulkan api installs, a week ago.


Do you i have any suggestions what else can i try, or if the problem is most likely the hardware. What should i look into hardware wise?


Answer



From your description it looks indeed like a hardware (or firmware) issue, I would start by taking out the graphics card.


Also, any changes on BIOS? maybe default it?


For memory testing the easiest and fastest is taking them out and use just one.


Hope it helps


windows 8.1 - How to decrease memory leaks for PAL and CM31 tags?




I have a memory leak as the picture below. Their tags are CM31 and PAL.



Picture



By using command prompt I found an upgrade for xHCIPort.sys (it was intel proset wireless software) and using Intel's program I upgraded it and after check there wasn't any upgrade in that program. However as the picture below I still see the xHCIPort.sys which causes the leak. (As in the first picture)



Picture



Second one is, I can't see anything for CM31 tag in command prompt. So, when I enter findstr /s CM31 *.* command to the C:\Windows\System32\drivers> directory it just jumping the bottom row and shows nothing.




What can be done for these?



EDIT



After checking Pool Usage from WPRUI, I saw the big usages oritinate Gh05 and PfPB tags. It was displaying for CM31 tag nearly 250 MB. I don't care it. I need to decrease the usages for Gh05 and PfPB tags. That's why I wrote the commands for that tags as I mentioned above. However, same thing happened. Nothing happens and seems in command propmt. It is just jumping bottom row..


Answer



The CM31 tag is used by Windows to load Registry Hive from user profile



enter image description here




For the xHCIPort.sys (Intel USB-IF xHCI USB Host Controller/Intel Wireless Display Driver), there is no way to limit this. Ask this Intel, so that they fix the leak or disable the Intel wireless devices in device manager.


Saturday, April 22, 2017

windows - Can I interchange my "Home, End" keys with "PageUp, PageDown" keys on dell latitude laptop?


The Home,End keys are at the top row in my laptop, and I use them most while selecting the entire line by pressing (Shift+Home, Shift+End) - it is very inconvenient. On the other hand, "PageUp, PageDown" keys are just below the Shift Key, and I don't use them at all.


Can I interchange my "PageUp" key with "Home" key and "PageDown" key with "End" key?


Is this possible using some software?


Answer



Since you are on Windows, I recommend AutoHotkey.


Once installed you can remap Home to PageUp, End to PageDown, and vice versa, with a simple AutoHotKey script.


Just create a text file called remapKeys.ahk and execute (double click) it:


Home::PgUp
End::PgDn
PgUp::Home
PgDn::End



Documentation:


Microsoft Excel Mac, keyboard shortcut to edit in cell



In Microsoft Excel for Mac 2011 (14.0.0) how can I modify the enter/return key to edit in cell instead of moving the selection down? I know that in Preferences > Edit you can uncheck the box that says "After pressing RETURN, move selection [Down/Right/Up/Left]" which at least makes it a little less annoying, but this behaviour is still not productive.




I'm aware I could emulate the effect using Automator, macros, Butler and whatnot but I prefer not to use a third-party application to do this. I'm open to modifying the system preferences and I'm comfortable using the Terminal, though.



EDIT: I found out here http://www.electrictoolbox.com/keyboard-shortcuts-excel-mac/ that CTRL+U is the keyboard shortcut for edit in cell. Now if it were somehow possible to remap that to CMD+Return by editing some plist file or writing some magic formula in the Terminal, it would be perfect!


Answer



Excel does not offer a direct way to customize this: it is neither a menu command (which would be available to OS X’s system wide shortcuts), nor is it a shortcut configurable via Office’s dedicated Tools → Customize Keyboard… (approximate translation, I’m on a German system) dialog – as you can easily test by calling the dialog and pressing Ctrl+U in the Add Shortcut box (no assigned shortcut will be shown).



You can, however, work around the issue by remapping Cmd+Return to Ctrl+U using Takayama Fumihiko’s KeyRemap4MacBook (which, despite its name, will work on any Mac running OS X 10.4 upwards). You will have to add a private.xml configuration file to KeyRemap4MacBook like documented on the KeyRemap4MacBook site, with its XML content looking like this:








Remap "Edit in Cell" in Excel
Use Command+Return instead of Ctrl+U
private.app_excel_commandreturn_to_ctrlu
EXCEL
--KeyToKey-- KeyCode::RETURN, VK_COMMAND, KeyCode::U, ModifierFlag::CONTROL_L





– this will restrict the remapping to Excel (for a complete list of the keycodes used by KeyRemap4MacBook, see its source code).


Friday, April 21, 2017

secure erase - What is the fastest way to semi-securely wipe hard drive?

Given


dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda

provides sufficient wiping for our purposes, what is the fastest way to "zero" the drive? I have heard of this "Secure Erase" feature that is built in to hard drives but disabled by the bios. Will it be the fastest way or is there another?

windows 7 - I can't delete a file - even when using unlocker



Ok, so when I try to delete this from my desktop, I get this error:



enter image description here




When I click "See what's locking this" in lock hunter, I get this:



enter image description here



Now, I have a drive, called G:. I only have one physical drive, and it's D:. Also, I have NO virtual drive software installed, so I have NO clue how it got there. Right-clicking on G:\ and chosing eject doesn't do anything but change the logo, it still says the file size and whatnot. Here's the picture of the "What's locking this?" of the contained file:



enter image description here



But when I try to delete it...




enter image description here



Both of these files don't let me delete them. I had put win8install.iso as a virtual drive a while back, but I uninstalled that software (but can reinstall it if needed)



Starting this in safe mode doesn't work.


Answer



Get a Linux Live Cd, and get gparted, systemrescue or parted magic (any release would work, but a small distro for something quick). Burn it to cd/usb, and boot your computer to it. Mount the hd, and find the folder and delete it.



You can use Unetbootin to create the live cd or do it manually.



Autohotkey Keystroke/hotkey problem


This was a comment i left for someone and realize it is a full blown question. It is to remap a game key from numpad4 to something i quickly can press.


I couldnt figure this out. It seems like it doesnt recognize shift (i tried using shift o and then O:: with no luck). Then i tried ::df:: (as in press them at the same time to trigger) but it looks like it triggers when i write df then a non alphabet character after it. And shift, ctrl, etc which i can hit with my pinky quickly doesnt count. How do i write a trigger i can hit quickly with my left hand? Currently my file is ::df::Send {Numpad4}


Answer



The ::df::... type of definition is an AutoHotkey hotstring, which is used for expanding abbreviations automatically, but it sounds like you want to stick with hotkeys.


As explained on the hotkeys page, AutoHotkey uses special symbols for modifier keys: ^ for Ctrl, + for Shift, ! for Alt, and # for the Windows key.


You can use & to make other keys act as modifiers, for example d & f will make the d key become a modifier key. But this causes the d key to lose its original function. As explained on the hotkeys page, you can use something like d::Send d to have the d key function normally when you release the key.


So to do what you want, you might use something like +o::Send {Numpad4} or d & f::Send {Numpad4}.


Thursday, April 20, 2017

Custom scale printing in Adobe Acrobat

I have Acrobat X Pro and read



  1. Choose File > Print.


  2. Click Size, and choose one of the following options:



    • Fit Scales small pages up and large pages down to fit the paper.

    • Shrink Oversize Pages

    • Resizes only large pages to fit the paper, and prints small pages as they are.

    • Custom scale Resizes pages by the percentage you specify.
      Note: If you don’t see a Page Scaling options, click the arrow next to the Printer menu to expose more controls in the Print dialog box.



I do see all options except the latter. What is the arrow next to the Printer Menu? Why does Adobe pass the scaling buck to the printer, why custom scaling is hidden in my case?

Windows 7 fresh install won't boot without 2nd harddrive, missing boot partition?




I just tried to upgrade my wife's computer to an SSD for silence and speed.



To do the install I physically added the new SSD to an empty SATA port and then used the Windows 7 install disk to put a fresh copy on the SSD. During this process I left the original hard drive attached to the system. My wife then just copied the files she wanted from the old drive to the new SSD.



Yesterday, I removed the old drive and the SSD will not boot. It appears that the SSD is missing the boot sector altogether. It is also missing the recovery partition normally seen on Win 7 boot drives. It appears that the Win7 installer just used the boot loader on the original drive. I should have disconnected the original drive while I installed Win7 on the new SSD. Here is my question.



Is there a way for me to fix the SSD to be a stand alone boot drive?



I would rather not start over from the beginning because my wife has the new SSD all set up the way she likes it.




Thanks for any advice.



Pete


Answer



Yes you can.



Find out from diskpart,list disk,select disk 0,list partition,select partition #N,detail partition about what drive letter your windows drive has (say C:).



Then, bcdboot C:\Windows /s C: /f BIOS to regenerate all boot files.


Flash drive doesn't show up on Windows, but works on Ubuntu

I have a Corsair Flash Voyager GT with capacity of 16 GB bought roughly 5 years ago. It was working okay on all my computers, like a flash drive usually does. One day I lend it to my friend and when he brought it back, he told me he could not get it working. After that I could not get it working on any of my Windows systems too.


Symptoms:



  • The LED on flash drive doesn't blink;

  • The device is not present in Computer Management / Storage;

  • The device shows up under Other Devices / Unknown Device and Universal Serial Bus Controllers / Unknows Device in Device Manager;

  • Windows 7 also fails to find and install drivers for Unknown Device.


However, under Ubuntu 10.04 on my netbook, the flash drive is fully operational: I could easily back up data from it, format it (however formatting did not help to get it running on Windows). FYI the filesystem was NTFS, reformatted as FAT, so that's hardly the issue.


In addition, I tried to plug this flash drive into freshly installed Windows 7 x64 Ultimate. I read that it might be a driver problem. Unfortunately this was not of any help.


What can be cause of this? Given that the device is working okay in Ubuntu, I assume that the hardware itself is not damaged. And is there any way to fix it? If yes then how?

windows - Reuse of environment variables in Path

Is it possible to reuse environment variables in the Path environment variable from PowerShell?



There are some environment variables like %SystemRoot% defined and are used in Path variable ...;%SystemRoot%\system32;... viewed in the Advanced System Settings.



In PowerShell these are defined as $Env:SystemRoot and $Env:Path part of that path is resolved with ...;c:\windows\system32;...




How to create and use such a custom variable in the Path? e.g. $Env:MyPath = 'c:\mypath' adding it to Path like ...;%MyPath%\documents;... and get the same effect in both Advanced System Settings and PowerShell $Env:Path resolution?

In Windows 7, can a program overrride file associations not set in "Set Default Programs"?

I am using Windows 7. I installed a media application (KMPlayer) that does not show up in the "Set Default Programs" list.


Now in the KMPlayer's preferences, there's a setting to associate file types with itself. But when I tried that, I noticed that the files still default to Windows Media Player.


So can I assume that no external application can change the program associated with a file type unless explicitly done via the:



  • [Set Default Programs] or

  • [Associate a file type ... with a program] or the

  • [Open with...] options?


Thanks in advance!


Btw, I know there are utilities that can help me batch change it. I'm just more curious about the "rules" that Windows 7 has in place regarding file types and their associated programs.

Wednesday, April 19, 2017

windows 7 - Where should I insert this code?

I can't understand where to insert this code (from this answer) to run it and find the ten largest files on the D drive:



Get-ChildItem -Recurse D:\ -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue |
Sort -Descending Length |

Select -First 10


I am using Windows 7.

microsoft excel - Saving an .xls file to .xlsx reduces its file size by 500mb, is this caused by compression?

I have a .xls file with PivotTables that is 500mb large, and when I convert it to an .xlsx format, it drops to a mere 5mb. Even after clicking Data>Refresh All which refreshes the PivotCaches, the file size remains small. The same size reduction occurs if I save as .xlsm or .xlsb.


Microsoft's documentation states that XML format and ZIP container is much more memory efficient than binary documents. I have no reason to believe data loss or corruption occurred as functionality remains the same, is compression a plausible explanation for such a drastic (90%) reduction in file size? Is there a way to actually test that the file size reduction was caused by the compression?


Thank you.

windows - Batch script to move .txt files recursively and rename them replacing a specific character


I have 3 folders such as the below structure wise. . .




  • /location1

    • /subdirLocation1

      • foo-bar1.txt, foo-bar2.txt, foo-bar3.txt



  • /location2



The subdirLocation1 folder is a sub-directory of location1. The location1 folder also contains the files foo-bar1.txt, foo-bar2.txt, foo-bar3.txt. However, the location2 folder is empty.


Folder Structure Recap




  • location1 > subdirLocation1, foo-bar1.txt, foo-bar2.txt, foo-bar3.txt

  • subdirLocation1 > foo-bar-subdir.txt

  • location2 > (Empty)



I want to move all .txt files from location1 and its subdirectories to location2, and also rename these .txt files by replacing every "-" with "_" so every hyphen character in the file names becomes an underscore character instead.


I need to achieve this task using a Windows batch script?




Here's what I came up with originally before I added additional logic I came up with using FOR loops below that as well near the bottom of my answer.


This however only moves .txt files from location1 directory and not from its subdirectory. Also renaming only works for foo-bar1.txt, foo-bar2.txt, foo-bar3.txt. It would not work for foo-bar-subdir.txt.


MOVE "C:\Users\abcde\Desktop\Practice_Folder\batch rename\location1\*.txt" "C:\Users\abcde\Desktop\Practice_Folder\batch rename\location2"
RENAME "C:\Users\abcde\Desktop\Practice_Folder\batch rename\location2\*-*" ???_????.txt

Below is what I have that's working a little better than the above but the hyphen characters are not being replaced with the underscores in the file names


CD "C:\Users\abcde\Desktop\Practice_Folder\batch_rename\locatio‌​n1\"
for /R %%f in (*-*.txt) do call :copyFile %%f
goto: eof
:copyFile
xcopy %1 "C:\Users\abcde\Desktop\Practice_Folder\batch_rename\locatio‌​n2"
set file=%~nx1
rename file %str:-=_%

Answer




I want to move all .txt files from location1 and its subdirectories to location2, and also rename these .txt files by replacing every "-"
with "_".



Since you're commented back with a ton of Batch work you've put into this, I wanted to share a script with you that should help for how you explain you need this to work.


Please be sure to test and confirm all works as expected on your side with test data before you run against anything critical or production related.


Script Example


You shouldn't need to use the comment out logic but it's there in case you need it


@ECHO ON
SET Loc1Dir=C:\Users\abcde\Desktop\Practice_Folder\batch_rename\locatio‌​n1
SET Loc2Dir=C:\Users\abcde\Desktop\Practice_Folder\batch_rename\locatio‌​n2
CD /D "%Loc1Dir%"
FOR /R %%F IN ("*-*.txt") DO CALL :copyFile %%~F %%~NXF
GOTO: EOF
:copyFile
SET copyfname=%~1
SET fname=%~2
SET fname=%fname:-=_%
ECHO F | XCOPY /Y /F "%copyfname%" "%Loc2Dir%\%fname%"
:::XCOPY /Y /F "%copyfname%" "%Loc2Dir%\"
:::REN "%copyfname%" "%fname%"
GOTO :EOF

Screen Shot Clarification


enter image description here




Further Resources


macos - MacKeeper has hijacked my Safari Browser



MacKeeper (http:// mackeeperapp.zeobit.com) has hijacked my Safari browser. I have had to open Firefox, in order to get to the internet. I would rather use Safari, since that is where my bookmarks and favorite links are on the toolbar.




A MacKeeper ad was in the sidebar, of the page I was on. I clicked on a link, to go to a website (not MacKeeper), and the window opened for MacKeeper, with a pop-up to let MacKeeper clean my Mac.



The ONLY option is to click "OK", which I refuse to do, because I know almost all of these "cleaner" apps are malware, with hidden stroke counting codes.



The box says




> > > RECOMMENDED DOWNLOAD < < <



We recommend to clean your Mac with MacKeeper - award-winning system utility.







There is an "OK" button, but no way to close out of the box.



Now, there is no way to get out of the website either. When it first started, I panicked, and pushed the power button, because it froze all the tabs and Safari functions, and I didn’t want it to download to my hard drive. I thought if I shut down the computer, it would stop the app from running, which would prevent it from downloading on my hard drive.



I also thought when I turned my computer back on, The MacKeeper pop-up window would be gone, and then I could close the MacKeeper website. But it wasn't gone. I can't do anything in Safari now. I am guessing MacKeeper figures people will eventually get frustrated, and give in, clicking the button, allowing MacKeeper onto the hard drive.




All of my tabs have the rotating circle, indicating something is happening, but the websites, on those tabs, can’t be opened. I tried clicking on the black “x”, one the tabs, but there is no black “x”. I also can’t close the pop-up window, because there is no black “x” on it either.



I went to Finder, to see if MacKeeper had installed itself on my hard drive, and it is not in my /Applications folder. If I go to the application Library, it is not there either. So essentially, MacKeeper has hijacked my browser, but apparently hasn't installed itself on my hard drive.






I found a question, here on , about essentially the same thing:




How can I safely close this window and forever avoid seeing similar pop-ups from Mackeeper Zeobit's malware and spyware?





That user had intentionally installed MacKeeper, and uninstalled it, but missed a file in the uninstall, and was able to delete it in the Library. That is not the case here. I did not want anything to do with MacKeeper. It came onto my browser without being invited.



On that discussion, a couple people said that clicking the “OK” button, won’t allow MacKeeper to be installed on my hard drive, but I don’t trust MacKeeper, to not do it behind the scenes. I have heard of other cleaner apps, that have done the same thing, so I don’t trust any of them.



Also on the same discussion, someone from MacKeeper answered, saying that it is totally safe, and clicking on “OK” wouldn’t do anything. How can I trust him, when others, have had problems with MacKeeper, and some experts have called it “malware”? I have a hard time trusting a company that has a reputation for selling malware.







Can anyone tell me how to get rid of the pop-up box, without clicking on the “OK” button? I can’t use my Safari, until it is gone. I really don’t want to recreate all the bookmarks and favorite links, that I have on Safari, to Firefox. I just did that last Fall, when my hard drive crashed, and it is a real pain!


Answer



Per slhck's request, I will try to explain what I did.



As several people suggested, I tried to "Force Quit", to get out of Safari, and get the MacKeeper tab to close that way, but was not able to do that, because Force Quit was grayed out, and unclickable, while MacKeeper had the JavaScript requiring me to click OK was on the screen.



After asking questions on two forums, I decided to install an antivirus (AV) app on my computer. Prior to that I had not done so, because I had read that Apples were safe from viruses. Well, now I am not so sure, since MacKeeper was able to hijack my Safari browser, after it opened a tab, without my permission.



The AV that was recommended to me was AVAST. Once I had installed the most current version, of AVAST, there was a message, on the confirmation page, that my computer was now protected. Given my recent experience, I am not sure I can believe any of that type of app, but decided I had to take a chance, since my Safari was unusable, unless I went ahead and clicked on OK, in the JavaScript box.




I checked my app list in Finder, and there wasn't anything for MacKeeper listed. Someone had suggested to click on the hard drive in Finder, and then open the Library, to see if there were any MacKeeper files there. I checked and there were none.



I ran the virus scan. and it didn't appear to have found any viruses, so I finally clicked on OK, with the intention of closing the MacKeeper tab immediately. When I clicked OK, it was like it had a mind of it's own. It all happened so fast, it was a bit confusing. The appearance of the website page change, but I was so shocked by what I saw in the address box, I didn't really see what it looked like. What I saw in the address box, was that mackeeper. ziobit. com/ instantly changed to a long string of numbers and letters and symbols. I panicked and immediately tried to close the tab, by clicking on the black "x" in the left corner of the tab. It took three tries to finally get the tab to close the page.



Once I had calmed down, I went back to Finder and checked for MacKeeper again, both in my App folder and in the hard drive Library, but didn't find it.



After I had done all that, I was told that ClamXAV was better than AVAST. So, I did some research and decided it wouldn't hurt to double check AVAST by running another AV app. Well, ClamXAV actually found about 50 Trojan Horses and other viruses, that AVAST had not found. Since I am not well versed in the different types of viruses, I don't remember which ones now. Interestingly enough, a split second after ClamXAV found the Trojan Horses and other viruses, AVAST found them, and alerted with a pop-up. I figured if ClamXAV had found all those viruses, and AVAST didn't find them until ClamXAV had already found them, I didn't need AVAST. So, I uninstalled it.



I was finally able to spend some time on the phone with my daughter, who said she hasn't used Safari, for about eight months. And here I was using it, because she said she was using it and liked it better than Firefox. She said she changed because she found that Chrome worked better for her, with her web design other technical web applications. She said I probably didn't need Chrome, but that Opera might work better for me, and she thought it might be a bit more secure than Safari. She was thinking that since Safari is the official Apple browser, hackers might be working a little harder to crack that nut. So, I downloaded Opera, and have been learning all the ins and outs. It seems to be a good browser, and in some ways it is better. For instance: On Safari, I haven't been able to find a way to have sub-folders to folders in my bookmarks. Opera is a bit different in the way you set up your bookmarks, but I like the way you can set up sub-folders within sub-folders. That is important to me, since I do a lot of medical research, and need to be able to finely delineate modalities.




All in all this has been a nightmarish experience. I know Apple sells MacKeeper on their App Store, but for the life of me, I can't understand why they would sell an app, that has such a wide reputation for being malware. Given my experience with MacKeeper attaching itself to my browser, when I never wanted anything to do with "cleaner apps", and never clicked on anything, to even look at it, it is just devious. Besides, from what I have read it doesn't do anything that Apple hasn't already installed on the OSX.



Before I go, I would like to give a shout out to the IT geeks that tried to help me with my problem (especially slhck). I wouldn't have had the courage to go ahead and try to work through this without their help. Thanks Guys!!!


hard drive - Leaving bad sectors in unformatted partition?

Laptop was acting really weird, and copy and seek times were really slow, so I decided to scan the hard drive surface. I have a couple hundr...